Microsoft’s debugger stores symbols in sidecar files separate from the executable. They are stored on the Microsoft Symbol Server. For third party symbols, things are not as good. NVidia has improved things for their drivers, though:
https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-driver-symbol-server
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ee416588(v=vs.85).aspx
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/311503/use-the-microsoft-symbol-server-to-obtain-debug-symbol-files
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/microsoft-public-symbols
See-also:
AFAIK, Mozilla was the first open source project to setup a symbol server:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Using_the_Mozilla_symbol_server
https://gpuopen.com/amd-driver-symbol-server/
https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX118622
http://www.symbolsource.org/Public/Home/VisualStudio
https://nuget.smbsrc.net/
https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/docs/development/setting-up-symbol-server.md
https://area.autodesk.com/blogs/the-3ds-max-blog/debug_symbol_server_for_3ds_max_2012/
https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/debugging-on-windows
Firmware Security 